Effect of Concrete Components on the Performance of High-efficient Water Reducing Agent

The U.S. and its allies plan to impose sanctions on more Russian industries and supply chains.

The US government representatives recently visited Europe to consult with allies on strengthening and enforcing sanctions to punish Russia. They also plan to take action to disrupt their critical supply chains.

The US government claims that the sanctions imposed on Russia since the invasion began on February 24 have proved extremely effective, plunging Russia into a financial crisis. The sanctions include a freeze on the Russian central bank's foreign exchange assets, a ban on hard currency transactions by major Russian banks and wealthy individuals, and export restrictions on advanced semiconductors and other technologies. The sanctions have weakened the Russian economy and left the Kremlin with fewer resources.

The volatile international political situations will continue to affect the markets and prices of many commodities like the concrete water reducer.

Concrete is a mixture of a graded aggregate, sand, water, and cement. It is necessary to study the influence of concrete components on the effect of the high-efficient superplasticizer in order to give full play to their due effect.

Graded aggregate and sand in concrete can be collectively referred to as sand and stone, which has almost no effect on the efficient water reducing agent. From the action mechanism of the efficient water reducing agent, it can be known that the efficient water reducing agent mainly acts on cement, and then affects the properties of concrete.  Therefore, it is an important direction to study the influence of cement on the performance of high-efficient superplasticizers.

The research shows that the properties of cement, such as composition, fineness, and particle shape, have a certain influence on the performance of superplasticizers. 

Effect of concrete composition on the performance of high-efficient water reducing agent

It is found in the experiment that the plasticizing effect of slag cement is better than that of ordinary cement when the content of the superplasticizer is constant. Slag cement slag existing in the small particles, in the process of mixing, contributes to high-efficient water reducing agents and a good contact with water, cement, compared with the ordinary cement, slag cement in favor of the circulation of the high-efficient water reducing agent and uniform distribution, more conducive to play a role of the corresponding high-efficient water reducing agent, intuitive performance the plasticizing effect of slag cement is better than that of ordinary cement.

Effect of cement particle size on the action capacity of superplasticizer

It is found that the particle size of cement has a great influence on the performance of superplasticizer. Under the condition of keeping the other technological conditions and components unchanged, the smaller the particle size of cement, the more efficient water reducing agent can play its performance; On the contrary, the bigger the particle size of cement, the worse the plasticizing effect of the efficient water-reducing agent on cement.  From the microscopic point of view, the smaller the cement particle size, the more cement particles per unit volume, the larger the specific surface area, and the more full contact with the efficient water reducing agent, the more conducive to the performance of the efficient water reducing agent. 

Experimental data show that when the content of superplasticizer is 1%, the fineness of cement is larger, the efficiency of superplasticizer is more fully played, and the fluidity of cement slurry is better. But when the content of superplasticizer is less than 0.3%, the promotion effect of cement fineness on superplasticizer is almost nonexistent.

Effect of cement particle shape on the action ability of superplasticizer

Cement particle shape on the performance of high-efficient water reducing agent role ability is, after mixing cement, cement particles of different shapes, the flocculant produced condensed structure size and difficulty level of each are not identical, cement slurry liquidity difference is bigger, the effect of the high-efficient water reducing agent to join the environment is different, the beneficial effects are different, will affect the ability to function.

The results show that the effect of the superplasticizer is stronger when the cement particle shape is gravel than when the cement particle shape is pebble. It can be understood that when cement particles are mixed at any time, it is easier to form a flocculation structure. The formation of flocculation structure is more stable and the structure is more continuous, which is conducive to the efficient water reducing agent playing its own effect. And the flocculation structure composed of cement particles in the shape of pebbles is easy to collapse, and the continuity of Xuning structure is not high. Even if the efficient water reducer is not added, part of the free water will be divergent and added to the cement slurry mixing, so that the ability of the efficient water reducer cannot be fully played out. 

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Gas prices in European countries are expected to triple if Russian supplies are restricted, according to a press release from Rystad Energy, a Norwegian Energy consultancy.  

The price of natural gas in Europe was $1,200 per 1,000 cubic meters on Tuesday. The benchmark price is already 300 percent higher than a year ago. European gas prices are expected to continue to soar to $3,500 per 1,000 cubic meters if Russian supplies are restricted, according to Analysis by Monitor.

In 2021, Russia delivered 155 billion cubic meters of gas to Europe, accounting for 31 percent of its gas supply, according to an analysis by Monitor Advisors. It would be difficult for Europe to replace Russian gas, which would also destabilize the global LNG market and have a profound impact on Europe's population and economy.

The analysis also said that if Russia stopped supplies now, Europe's current gas reserves would be exhausted by the end of the year, setting in for a cold winter.

In addition, affected by the geopolitical factors, the supply of the concrete water reducer is erratic and thus its prices are expected to go higher in the future.

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